Back to Table of Contents
Previous Lesson Next Lesson
Printable (pdf) version of this lesson

Lesson 26: Associate Case

Vocabulary


	bedi		to learn
	Bée		Speech Act Morpheme: Warning
	–dan		Suffix (noun): Associate Case—with pleasure
	–den		Suffix (noun): Associate Case—neutral
	habelid		to dwell
	–hil		Degree Marker: to a minor degree; rather; somewhat
	–li		Suffix (Speech Act Morpheme): said in love
	lo		to rejoice
	ne–		Prefix (verb): repeat VERBing; VERB again
	on		head (body part)

Note the Degree Marker “–hil.” It denotes a less-than-neutral degree, but not so much less as “–hel” does.

Note the new Mood Suffix “–li.” It conveys the meaning “said in love” to a Type-of-Sentence Word—whether a statement, a question, a warning, or whatever.

Associate Case

[(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP–S CP–Associate]

To mark a Case Phrase as an Associate (with whom something is done, as in English “I danced with her.”), add the ending “–den.” If you want to indicate that there is pleasure in the association, you may use the alternative Associate marker “–dan;” “–den” is a neutral form.

Note that, though the English translation may seem similar (both can be termed “with”), the Associate Case is distinct from the Instrument Case. One uses an Instrument (as in “I eat with a fork” “Bíi yod le bathanan wa”); one is accompanied by an Associate (as in “I eat with a friend” “Bíi yod le laneden wa”).

Examples


	Bíi im be ilidi wa.		She travels to the water.
	Bíi nehim be ilidi wa.		She travels to the water again.
	Báa im be ilidi bebáaden?		With whom/what does she travel to the water?
	Bíi im be ilidi ruleden wa.		She travels to the water with a cat.

	Bíi bedi be Láadan wáa.		She’s learning Láadan.
	Báa bedi be Láadan bebáaden?		With whom is she learning Láadan?
	Bíi bedi be Láadan edin bethadan wáa.		She’s learning Láadan with her cousin (pleasurably).

Exercises

Translate the following into English.


1	Bíi eril di wehehá losháden; ril them be losheth wáa.
2	Báa mehel berídan netha esheth omáden?
3	Bíi habelid duthahá héena lethodan i mid bezhethoden menedebe wa.
4	Bíi mehil ehashá i shoná wohaba wohanath óoyonan wothádan wáa.
5	Báa menéde mehim hóowith Másha betha bodi mazhenan bebáaden?
6	Bíi nédeshub hal ebalá lan bethoden nedebe wa.

In #4, were you able to divine the meaning of “wothá?” From “woth” (wisdom) and “–á” (doer), it means “wise person” or “sage” (not the herb).

Incorporate the second noun as an Associate; translate into English before and after.

A “*” in the second column indicates there is pleasure in the association.


7	Bíi aril mehal Thíben i Shuzhéth wa.	*womíi wohehená
8	Bíi eril nosháad rul bethedi wáa.	árul bim
9	Báa eríli memina onida woho nudi melade?	bebáa
10	Bíi ril dathim hothul letha thometh wa.	*edin letha
11	Báa eril yod wobalin wohábedá bathanan?	sherídanid betha
12	Bíi aríli melo ben bróo ril methad mesháad lezh olinedi wáa.	nen

In #7, were you able to decipher the meaning of “ehená?” The root of the word is “en” (to understand). Add the prefix “e–” (science of) to form “ehen” (philosophy: the science of understanding). Then add the suffix “–á” (doer) to form “ehená” (philosopher).

Were you able to define the word “árul” in #8? It’s composed of “á–” (infant) + “rul” (cat) and means “infant kitten.” And how about “nosháad?” Composed of “no–” (to finish) + “sháad” (to come/go), it means “to arrive.”

Notice in #9 that, even though we have a verb that carries the plural, we can still specify the number (or “several,” “many,” or even “all”) by placing a quantifier after the Case Phrase.

Translate the following into Láadan.


13	They played extremely hard; now the children are sleeping with their cat (said in love).
14	The moon can be present with the sun or with the many stars.
15	With whom did the traveler sex-act (with pleasure)?
16	My birth-sibling comes to my garden with her horse because the grass is good.
17	The pregnant woman is learning philosophy with an alien peace-scientist.
18	The air dances with the earth and the river; it is the wind.

Did finding a word for “played hard” in #13 give you any difficulty? Of course, “to play” is “elash,” but how can we show that their play was more intense than usual? How about a Degree Marker? I’d use “elashehul” [elash (to play) + –hul (extreme degree)].

Of course you had no problem creating the word for “traveler” in #15: “imá” from “im” (to travel) + “–á” (doer).

top

Answers


1	The storekeeper spoke with a banker; she needs credit (I’ve heard).
2	Are your aunts making the boat with a teacher?
3	The healer dwells with my heart-sibling (pleasurably) and with their many animals.
4	An astronomer and a peacemaker taste the fragrant food with the sage (pleasurably).
5	With whom do Marsha’s grandchildren want to travel to the mountain in (using) the car?
6	The baker intends to work with several of her friends.

7	Steven and Suzette will work.
	Bíi aril mehal Thíben i Shuzhéth womíi wohehenádan wa.
	Steven and Suzette will work with the amazed philosopher (with pleasure).
8	The cat arrived (finished coming) home.
	Bíi eril nosháad rul bethedi áruleden bim wáa.
	The cat arrived home with four kittens.
9	Did all the families move hither from the ocean long ago?
	Báa eríli memina onida woho nudi melade bebáaden?
	With whom/what did all the people move hither from the ocean, long ago?
10	My grandmother needleworks a pillow.
	Bíi ril dathim hothul letha thometh edin lethadan wa.
	My grandmother needleworks a pillow with my cousin (with pleasure).
11	Did the old farmer eat with (using) a fork?
	Báa eril yod wobalin wohábedá bathanan sherídanid bethaden?
	Did the old farmer eat with (using) a fork with her nephew?
12	Far in the future, they (many) will rejoice because we (few) are able to go to the forest.
	Bíi aríli melo ben bróo ril methad mesháad lezh olinedi neneden wáa.
	Far in the future, they (many) will rejoice because we (few) are able to go to the forest with you (many).

13	Bíili eril mehelashehul bezh, ril meháana háawith rul bezhethoden wa.
14	Bíi thad ham óol e rosheden e asheden menedebe wa.
15	Báa eril shim imá bebáadan?
16	Bíi sháad hena letha déela lethodi omid bethoden bróo thal hesh wáa.
17	Bíi bedi wolawida wowith eheneth wonée woheshonáden wa.
18	Bíi amedara shum doniden i wiliden; be yul wa.

top